Disposing of Old Computer Equipment - Donate, Recycle Or Do Nothing?

For the end pair of decades, the rapid advances in computing skill have given begin to a corresponding puzzle of computers appropriate rapidly obsolete. These existence, in the least CPU that is further than 3 years previous resolve be noticeably slower in its carrying out than a CPU that has been manufactured in the end a small number of months. It has therefore suit a fact of being in the in rank age that computers prerequisite to be modernized on a fixed base in order to employ the latest software and communications applications. This in seizure has led to the puzzle of what one ought to do with the speedily upward supply of previous computers and additional electronic gear. A company or idiosyncratic actually has one of 3 choices: 1. Do nothing 2 Donate or 3. Recycle. This item resolve discuss every one of the options in seizure.

Otherwise looking closely at the deliver of CPU gear recycling, it is worthwhile noting why it so important to do amazing rather than nothing. Latest studies on the theme have concluded that only covering 10-15% of previous CPU gear is being recycled. The gear that isnt being recycled is what's more being stored, gathering dust on the tops of cupboards or in garages, or steady further perniciously is being disposed of in landfills.

Companies that are storing previous computing gear are entertaining a dishonest market. It is in reality further posh to persist to hoard previous computers than it is to appropriately dispose of them - when you capture into explanation the outlay of storeroom pause, the outlay of securing previous systems to comply with federal privacy laws and additional connected dealing out expenses. At hand are the in addition environmental concerns friendly to the stockpiling of large quantities of obsolete computers. The systems canister crush unhappy and leak risky materials into the sky, soil and groundwater ought to they arrest on dismiss or be theme to additional natural disasters such as a floods.

The superior puzzle though, mendacity in disposing of this previous CPU gear in a heedless fashion. CPU gear that isnt taken assiduousness of by an legitimate CPU recycler is generally liable to end up and doing in landfills and suit toxic CPU unwanted. A CPU is complete up and doing of plastic, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals pilot, cadmium, antimony, beryllium, chromium and mercury), electronic boards (gold, palladium, silver and platinum) and glass - in quick, materials (many of which are toxic) which dont crush unhappy naturally. A traditional sized cathode ray tube (CRT) examine contains further than two kilos of pilot - the toxicity of which has been greatly renowned for centuries.

The top option when trade with previous CPU gear is to what's more donate it (CPU hardware fewer than 5 years previous canister generally be donated) or to recycle it.

Folks who are looking to recycle one or a a small number of stuff of CPU hardware resolve find that virtually altogether of the major CPU manufacturers - Apple, Glade, Gateway, IBM, Lexmark, Hewlett Packard, Epson, NEC - are administration nearly sort of CPU recycling line up. These programs tend to draw in the company intriguing provide backing your previous CPU and disposing of it dutifully, at no extra outlay to manually, when you hold a new-found CPU from them.

For companies who are looking to dispose of large volumes of CPU hardware (and additional types of e-waste) they ought to actually pick up in get in touch with with an legitimate CPU recycler. The hallmark of the CPU recyclers business replica is that of responsible destruction. They resolve retrieve altogether helpful CPU parts otherwise flouting unhappy whats absent, all right removing altogether risky materials in the administer. At hand resolve usually be a fee charged by these recyclers to agree to previous CPU gear (predominantly when it comes to CPU monitors) on the contrary the outlay of disposal resolve be significantly fewer than the outlay of not disposing of the CPU hardware - both in terminology of tell business expenses and impending expenses to the natural environment.

Restoration Hardware For the DIY Home Improvement

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Largely Restitution Hardware are one-off yield given that largely of them covenant with styles and types that be able to individual be seen on period designed homes and of course particular Hotels that prides itself in its fashionable presentation of a Victorian-Era Hotel. At hand are plus particular styles and gear that are mass fashioned and be able to be ordered in mass, on the contrary largely of the time these hardware is rare in design and be able to be second-hand for a release domicile. From sinks to door knobs, in the least DIY Domicile Improvement human being be able to search out an Old-Style sense and glance to their homes.

So if you are someone that is looking to renovate the domicile to have an old-style glance, then receiving the appropriate category of Restitution Hardware is the solution to the complete your requirements.

Free Automobile Insurance Quotes Online - How Much Are Your Savings?

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Evolution of Telephone - The Journey From the First Telephone to VoIP Phone

No one is ignorant from the piece of evidence that the main phone was made-up by Alexander Graham Bell in Tramp 1876. That is where the telecommunications field of modern era takes its roots from.

This invention would perchance not have gathered a large amount concentration, which Bells weak expectations believed, save for it was the Bicentennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, where Brazils Monarch Dom Pedro de Alcantara took make out of this rather appealing manmade invention. He could not alleviate save for be amazed by bells profound inventiveness, which reflected in his design the phone.

In the basic being, phone was barely seen as a luxury of kick rather than a commodity. It barely gained additional popularity as an indispensable form of communication at the time when numerous corporate and government offices began to avail yourself of it.

In the course of the 1880s, when sharp circuits were introduced, they took terminated time-consuming distance exchanges. In spite of this, for a decade, its usage remained confidential to a a number of order who could allow paying for the overcast work expenses. Awaiting in the 1890s, with the emergence of crew flex, it became fitting for public active in rural areas in scrupulous to deal out the rate of the flex used by numerous.

Aforementioned to 1891, calls were completed by conversation operators, save for awaiting a brand new order for direct dialing order. Then in attendance it was putting phone to its top avail yourself of in 1927, when the main transatlantic buzz call was completed with the alleviate of broadcasting waves. It was the all through the time of Main and Second World Feud, when phone went via a major developmental stage, every single one thanks to the gigantic expenditures completed by the Vindication Department for ensuring safer communication transversely. These run of advancements in addition led to the design of the main mobile phone order, which without problems together mobile vehicles to phones by means of broadcasting waves.

In 60s era, the transatlantic cables were introduced to facilitate for dialing international calls.

But, the principal shifts seen in the saga of telephones was in 1962, when the main phone satellite TelStar was launched. Telstar was a locale affair venture linking Bell and NASA for brining in a additional forward-thinking outward appearance of communication. This tiled way for satellites rotating within the geosynchronous orbit to be used for production time-consuming distance calls directly without relying on the cable lines, not to mention agony as of the frequent cable hurt and patch-up menace.

Yarn optic cables were main introduced in 1977. By normal 80s, yarn optic cable took precedence terminated other modes of phone transmission, as it could facilitate higher come to of calls with minor interference, compared to its predecessor methods. It could transmit in sequence additional briefly to farther areas and stoutly resisted at all mishaps intensely lightning strikes. In concise, it offered a come to of return and safer than other modes. Due to the profit, these yarn optic cables in addition began to be used for computers too.

Bearing in mind the Us government relaxed the regulations on phone mass, AT&T met up to expression a tough struggle from MCI, Sprint and numerous other confined companies. This tiled way for yarn optic lines to be used enormously in every industry, uniform began to be used for natural gab pipelines and railroad tracks.

It was in 1973 when Dr. Martin Cooper belonging to Motorola Corporation formed the main cellular phone call by means of a portable handset, specifically the Dyna-Tac. Bearing in mind it accomplished a triumphant test run, it was introduced in Brand new York Public. It was in 1977 when the cubicle buzz became popular together with the public. At the start introduced models seemed faintly better and usually used by those who were used to dwell in strike home by two-way broadcasting communication means. At that time, one could not imagine that it was open to be used by one and all. Cellular phones functioned with little cells for mass variety, to increase the flair of behavior additional calls. Cubicle phones completed it achievable to keep your mind on an increased come to of calls at a time in one subject.

In spite of this, at the start, the chief cellular air force rather used analog order of tools, which functioned at 800 Megahertz continually. As the time went on, the industry increased the standard to 1850 MHz with PCS. In 1988, a agency, specifically Cellular Tools Industry Reminder, was shaped to formulate guidelines and lay on regulations for the cellular mass providers and functioned for development and evolution of the cubicle buzz industry. Today, we have approximately terminated 60 million cellular phone customers, an overwhelming gigantic come to for a mass that barely started working commercially only thirty living provide backing.

Today, we avail yourself of digital cellmobile phones, in place of analogue phones. The digital tools transfers data in outward appearance of pulses. The benefit of digital signals is that they are rather additional strongly transmitted compared to its analog contenders, and it gives additional competent bandwidth and a higher worth of sound. You preserve uniform contribute to videos and photos bit surfing the internet. Every single one at the constant time integrated within your phones.

In spite of this, in digital tools in attendance is a minor problem with coverage. For instance, due to three atypical technologies a cellular buzz uses, in case you are by means of a TDMA (time-division manifold open) order save for you move in an subject, which caters to CDMA (code-division manifold open) digital coverage, then you might have to expression tools troubles.

In attendance is a perfect way out for it and the united analog-digital tools that the cubicle buzz providers are shifting to. This way you preserve induce first-rate wonderful coverage for every single one types of communication, with far above the ground fly and adamant worth.

To oration all but the main audio conferencing to be constantly used could be the time when part lines had been introduced for the main time provide backing in telephones basic being. Although, at that time, the barely benefit public could seek from the part lines was the economical issue save for in attendance was a problem that a come to of public in dissimilar locations could pluck up and oration on the constant concurrently, top to an eavesdropping situation and nil privacy quantity.

The idea of work a come to of public, which was at the start derived from part lines, was revitalized all over again save for this time in a better and additional personal packet. It had time limitations and barely to be accessed in era of essential.

Subsequent this notion, companies every single one terminated the world began to propose air force, which in time a flair for symposium work for companies, bountiful them rigid toll, monthly fees or based on the come to of calls completed. This served fruitful as it saved traveling expenses and other work expenditures. They provided a taught operative to enable family linking every participant onto a keen flex. This way, a collection of public could without problems pass on with one one more every single one at one time. The mass providers offered reasonably priced toll to their customers.

More rapidly, numerous telephone-manufacturing companies specifically Polycom, AT&T and Panasonic developed responsibility phone systems that permitted responsibility users to invite a client, lay them on cargo space and then dial up one more crew. This helped in structure a multiple-connection set up for callers to pass on without problems with additional than two public at a time to thrash out significant affair deals.

Alongside came internet, which happens to be the top communication form constantly formed all through the saga of mankind. The Internet paced up the struggle linking buzz mass providers, intensely challenging the audio conferencing flair and the time-consuming distance work rate. But, they have lowered their work costs to a superior point, yet the invincible broadband buzz or internet buzz is right everyones preferred, beating its competitor - the fixed phone, as it is a large amount cheaper and reasonably priced.

Voip, which stands for Pronounce Terminated Internet Protocol is now the generally popular malicious of communication as it charges barely for call, no regulatory taxes or unseen charges, be keen on the charges lay up by fixed buzz companies. Voip phones or broadband buzz avail yourself of high-speed internet to go and let you get pleasure from the constant worth of mass offered by fixed phones. You preserve not barely present calls with your voip buzz save for in addition the high-speed internet buzz lets you get pleasure from air force of high-speed data shift air force be keen on data distribution, audio conferencing and cartridge conferencing. With voip, you are definite to accumulate a slice on your work and communication wishes.

VoIP offers you audio conferencing flair to network with manifold groups or parties no carry some weight what their geographical locations are. This enables the customers to associate with their clients spread worldwide and fix for a virtual appointment online. Today, Voip work solutions are being provided by Axvoice, Vonage, 8x8, Voxwire, Packet 8, TTCGlobalTalk and VoiceCafe together with numerous others, bountiful an first-rate worth of mass.

Photo Editing Services - Art to Get Back the Novelty and Vigor of the Pictures

Altogether of us work cinema to capture the fantastically moments of our verve with our lineage members or links. The cinema work us down the memory lane and make certain a smirk on our face at whatever time we have a glance of it. Moment is an main aspect and living example tends to achromatize and defuse with the dying of moment. The cinema mislay luster as the broadsheet crumbles or degrades and at times even progress torn away. Photo editing is an forever evolving art to progress rearward the novelty and vigor of the cinema. From enhancing flag to replacing photo backgrounds, photo ends, balancing brightness stand out against, get working again of inferior scratches, creases, inferior dust, and spot exclusion to exclusion of major scratches, cracks, creases, and stains in altogether areas and removing imperfections. Photo editing UK provides a range of photo editing services to disconnect these imperfections from your photos.

The Photo editing services enter primarily services be keen on Photo Reinstallation, Photo Enhancement, Photo Retouching, Vector Conversion, Images Masking, Clipping Lane and Photo Cutout. Ingenuity and skill-sets are fantastically main whereas on condition that the Photo editing services as it requires manipulation of photographs to come to life an authentic image in the living example. Image manipulation yields paramount effect when it is ended by the highly taught professionals having an expertise in their province. As Photo editing services takes into account the sly effects of the living example which bottle be overlooked by a habitual part to give it a dazzling fresh provoke with the respective changes in the photograph.

Photo Reinstallation is a everywhere advance to retain fantastically one-time scratched aging photographs, which are faded with inscription, stains, dust and scratches rearward to the earliest formula. Photo Enhancement is an another photo editing service that is used for complete remodeling of the cinema by changing the fine points of images in the cinema be keen on faces, skins, things, goods etc. alongside with tint perspective amendment to tweak tint shifts, exclusion of bruising from cinema, transforming black and white to duotones, enhancing the sharpness of the images to exclusion of unwanted things or background from the cinema. The creative mixture of mind required in Photo Retouching involves background changing, adding passage, giving the portrait effects, crystal effects, Masking, Clipping Lane services, Reflection effects, Indicate effects, applying margins to tag a not many. Vector Conversion is remodeling the vague photograph into hand drawn vector photo for which specific softwares are used by the professionals. Photoshop stall tool is used by the graphic experts to accomplish Images Masking of the cinema. Clipping Lane Services is used for separating the be against from the background or assembly the image hard as apiece the requirements of the beholder.

The widely held image editing tools available are Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, Corel Photo-Paint, Paint Supermarket Pro and Paint.NET. Photo editing services is certainly one of the paramount discoveries in the modern times. It violates the statement Unfeasible by assembly it I Am Potential. This is for the reason that image editing at times takes us to the earth away from head as even the paramount of the cameras in the earth as spring as the person eyes have some degree of perception of the image when compared to Photo editing and thereby assembly the unfeasible thing into a potential thing

Wi-Fi and Wi-Max - Why You Shouldn't Use Them

The hot new craze in Internet access is Wi-Fi and its soon-to-be big brother Wi-Max. Wi-Fi is a wireless connection that allows users to access the Internet without the computer being connected to a cable. And yes, it's very convenient. Imagine walking from the sofa to the bedroom with your laptop and never losing your connection. Imagine the freedom and flexibility afforded schools and office workers. No more ugly bothersome cables to tie you down. You're free to roam the Internet with your fingers while roaming your home, school or office with your feet. Freedom to move and freedom to surf. Perfect for the individual who is on the go and up to date with the latest technology. You can even have free Internet access at your local coffee shop. Same for airports. What a great idea. Or is it?

What exactly is Wi-Fi? Wi-Fi is a common term that stands for 'wireless fidelity.' It simply means that a computer can access the Internet without wires or cables. In other words, it allows one to have a wireless connection to the Internet. It's like taking a cell phone base station and placing it in your home, schoolroom or office area. Wi-Fi is basically the same type of connection as used to operate a cell phone. It's a product of convenience as it allows one to access the Internet with a desktop or laptop computer without the need for connecting cables. Moving from room to room with a laptop computer and no cables is a nice convenience although it certainly isn't a necessity.

How does Wi-Fi work? Wi-Fi is really very similar to your cell phone. Radio signals are transmitted from the computer or Bluetooth device to a wireless router, sometimes called a wireless access point (WAP) or wireless local area network (WLAN). The router then sends the signal to the Internet through a cable modem. So this router or wireless access point is really the device responsible for transmitting the harmful radio waves. Any number of computers or devices can be configured to connect to one wireless router to make Internet connections. The workable distance is about a range of 300 feet or more from the wireless access point while most distances for good connections are maintained at about 100 feet. And, of course there are many variables that can affect this connection. Laptop computers and Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are the most common devices utilizing Wi-Fi technology.

Wi-Fi Emits Radio Frequencies Wireless connections emit radio frequency signals, or radiation, just like cell phones, cell phone towers and other wireless devices. Wi-Fi usually transmits its signal at frequencies in the range of 2.4GHz to 5 GHz. Cordless phones often transmit in the 2.4GHz to 5 GHz range, too, and this often causes the cordless phone to interfere with a wireless internet connection to a nearby computer. The Wi-Fi frequency is considerably higher than the frequencies used for cell phones which operate in the 850 MHz to1900 MHz range. This higher frequency allows more data to be carried. However, as we'll see later, it is not the frequency of the signal that does the damage to our health. So the higher Wi-Fi frequency isn't really the issue at all when it comes to health considerations.

Wi-Fi Hotspots Now In Schools Wi-Fi has become popular in the home, office, the airport and coffee shops. Many cities are now installing "hot spots" where one can take a laptop computer and freely access the Internet over the provided network. This is what is known as a "hot spot." It's a place to make a wireless connection to the Internet. And they are springing up everywhere. Entire cities are becoming wireless allowing one to connect to the Internet from anywhere in the city. And due to the ease of convenience Wi-Fi connections in schools are now becoming quite popular, too. No longer are computers hard-wired to a connection in a classroom. Connections are now virtual and allow the user, student or teacher, the freedom to connect anywhere in the school without the burden of being restricted by cable connections.

Why Wireless Connections Are Harmful There are two potentially harmful mechanisms in which Wi-Fi users, including school children, may be harmed. The first mechanism involves the exposure to radiation from the distance or proximity of the user to the computer monitor. This form of exposure originates from the electromagnetic field being given off by the monitor itself and has nothing to do with the wireless connection. Electromagnetic radiation is given off by the computer screen regardless of whether the connection is wired or wireless. Any and all computer screens produce electromagnetic radiation. These electromagnetic fields can be substantial in strength and can reach levels much higher than the 1 milligauss (1 mG) threshold level of exposure recommended by experts as being safe. Such a field can easily be measured with an inexpensive instrument called a gauss meter.

The second mechanism of harm comes from the radiation or radio wave itself. The wireless signal, oscillating at 2.4 to 5 GHz, moves much too fast for the body to recognize. So this wave isn't doing the damage. However, anytime any data or information is transmitted, say through our voice, through text messages or through the sending of information, the data is packaged and "piggy-backed" onto the first wave. This creates a second carrier wave and this wave is called the information-carrying radio wave, or ICRW. It is the information-carrying radio wave that is producing the harm. Here's how this happens. This second carrier wave, or ICRW, oscillates in a much lower Hertz (Hz) range that is easily recognized by the body. When the ICRW comes in contact with the body the body recognizes this wave and responds to it as if this carrier wave were some type of foreign invader. When this happens certain physiologic changes occur which are very significant. First, at the cellular level, the cell membrane changes and becomes less permeable. This occurs because the active transport channels shut down as the cell goes into a protection mode. This loss of permeability means nutrients can't get inside the cell where they are needed. In other words, the cell doesn't get nourished.

Conversely, since the cell membrane is now less permeable, the toxins and free radicals that build up inside the cell as a natural part of our daily metabolism can't get out. The buildup of toxins and free radicals inside the cell causes other problems. These toxic products damage the mitochondria inside the cell. If you'll remember from biology class the mitochondria are where energy for the body is produced. When this energy-producing process is damaged the cell begins to lose its ability to function.

In addition, cells lose their ability to communicate with one another. When one cell can't communicate with another cell and messages don't get sent or received the body can't respond properly to any type of stress, injury, or invasion. Furthermore, the DNA inside the cell becomes damaged. Fragments of DNA break off and form something called micronuclei. Micronuclei are precursors to cancer formation. And when enough energy is lost and when enough malnourishment occurs the cell eventually becomes dysfunctional and dies. When enough cells die the tissues are affected. When enough tissue is affected organs become damaged and don't work properly. And the cascade of damaging events begin that can lead to a multitude of symptoms and failure of the body's defense mechanisms to act appropriately.

The Wi-Fi Problem Think of Wi-Fi this way. It's really nothing more than a small version of a cell phone tower placed in the classroom or office. Or, it could be similar to having a cordless phone in your home with multiple handsets throughout the house. The base station is the access point and all the peripheral phones connect with it wirelessly. The radio frequency radiation being emitted is the same. The information-carrying radio wave is being transmitted continuously 24 hours a day. The connections from the computers and other wireless devices throughout the school, office or home to the wireless access points cause any user around them, (children, teacher, staff, etc.) to be continuously exposed. Everyone in the building is caught in the crossfire of the continual access to the wireless access points. Even non-users are exposed because of the blanketing effect of these wireless access points throughout the building. So no one escapes the exposure.

In understanding the danger of Wi-Fi we must remember that it is not the type of device, in this case a wireless access point or router that is important. Rather it is the type of radio frequency radio waves that are being produced by the device that are significant. Whether from a wireless router, a cell phone, a cell phone tower, or personal digital assistant (PDA), electromagnetic frequencies are produced by all these devices. We must look at the technology being used by these devices and not the device itself as the problem. This should be the primary concern as we evaluate their safety, particularly in the classroom.

Another important aspect of Wi-Fi exposure is that of modulation. Modulation refers to whether or not the signal frequency is constant or pulsed. The new digital cell phones operate on a pulsed frequency, as does all wireless technology. Studies have shown that these pulsed signals are a greater risk than analog, non-pulsed signals. 1

Certainly, by the addition of any type of wireless we are adding to the burden of electropollution we are all currently exposed to. Special consideration should be given to the additional exposure that Wi-Fi technology would bring to those in a classroom, including the instructors, teachers, staff and certainly students.

Children Are More Vulnerable Concern about the increased vulnerability to electropollution by children has valid reasoning. Since the skull bones of the head don't fully harden until about age 22 the skull bones of a child's head are softer than that of an adult. A softer head bone translates to easier penetration through the skull and into the head by radio frequency radiation. Furthermore, the head of a child contains more water since the brain is not fully developed. It would make sense then that water will act as a conductor to electromagnetic radiation increasing the possibility of even further damage. And since a child's brain and nervous system is still developing it only stands to reason that the potential damage would be greater since cells that are in a growing phase are more easily damaged.

And finally, exposing children in the elementary schoolroom will add to both the amount of electromagnetic radiation exposure and the accumulated length of exposure over their lifetime that they will be exposed. No one can argue that the children of today's generation will be exposed to far greater amounts of electromagnetic radiation and will be exposed to it for a much longer period of time than any generation before. We simply don't know the consequences of this increased and cumulative exposure. And it's an experiment that we shouldn't place our children in. Why set up these networks without understanding any of the long-term consequences? Did we not learn a lesson from the tobacco and asbestos industries?

Effects of WirelessRadio Frequency Radiation Although no studies have been done on Wi-Fi per se there is a generous amount of research that has been carried out on cell phones, cell phone towers and masts. Since the Wi-Fi signal is the same type of radiation (only the frequency is different) one can assume with reasonable assurance that the effects of exposure to Wi-Fi will follow the same pattern of exposure to cell phones and cell phone towers.

Here's an example of what can happen. Let's say one works in a schoolroom or office where wireless access, or Wi-Fi, is used. In other words, we are continually exposed to a constant bombardment of electromagnetic radiation waves. Over time, sitting or working in this classroom or office, the cells of the body gradually loose their energy and consequently their ability to communicate. What if the function of a particular group of cells was to maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier? The blood-brain barrier is an intricate membrane that keeps harmful substances and toxins from contacting sensitive brain tissue. But what if the cells of the blood-brain barrier can't communicate or don't work any longer? The barrier would break down and this would allow harmful substances to enter. Those substances would then come in contact with sensitive brain cells. The result would be injured and damaged brain cells. This is just one example of how a particular group of cells can be adversely affected by electromagnetic radiation. In fact, studies have shown that placing a call on cell phone for just two minutes can disable the blood-brain barrier. 2 The same case could be made for the immune system and any other major "system" of the body since different cellular groups perform different functions to keep us healthy.

There are more than a dozen studies linking an increased risk for brain cancer and acoustic neuroma (tumor of the auditory nerve) to radio frequency radiation from cell phones and cordless phones. 3

Even the World Health Organization (WHO) is concerned about the effects of radiofrequency radiation on children's health. In a recent WHO publication they wrote:

"The possible adverse health effects in children associated with radiofrequency fields have not been fully investigated."

"Because there are suggestions that RF(radio frequency) exposure may be more hazardous for the fetus and child due to their greater susceptibility, prudent avoidance is one approach to keeping children's exposure as low as possible."

"Further research is needed to clarify the potential risks of ELF-EMF and radiofrequency fields for children's health."

Neurobehavioral effects of inhabitants living near a cell phone tower base station have also been studied. The following neuropsychiatric complaints were reported: headache (23.5%), memory changes (28.2%), dizziness (18.8%), tremors (9.4%), depressive symptoms (21.7%), and sleep disturbances (23.5%). 4 In addition, tests of attention and short-term auditory memory were significantly lower in the exposed participants than in control groups.

Obviously, people living close to cell phone towers have an increased risk for developing neurobehavioral problems.

Will We Medicate Our Children Unnecessarily? If indeed neurobehavioral symptoms are produced by radio frequency radiation and these frequencies are continually emitted throughout our schools what might this suggest about the abnormal behavior of students in the classroom? Might parents be inclined and persuaded to medicate their children so that these undesirable symptoms can be controlled? If so, how many of these children would be medicated unnecessarily? Studies now show that the frequencies such as that emitted by cell phones cause abnormal brain hyperactivity. Such artificially induced hyperactivity would cause an unnecessary risk and expense to students who would be placed on some form of pharmaceutical intervention to aid in controlling these symptoms. Many of the drugs used in controlling hyperactivity, such as Ritalin, Concerta, and methylphenidate are in the amphetamine-like class of pharmaceuticals. What a tragedy it would be to find out years later that this form of medication was unnecessary and could have been avoided if we would have chosen precaution over convenience.

Learning Issues As discussed earlier, the mechanism of harm caused by electromagnetic frequencies occurs at the cellular level. The eventual outcome of this harm is disruption of cell-to-cell communication. When the disruption of cell communication occurs cells can't "talk" to each other. When cells can't communicate cognition is affected, the ability to learn is affected, the ability to retain information is affected, and behavioral problems can occur.

Makes Kids Susceptible To Other Stressors Radiofrequency radiation is also a stressor to the body. The mere fact that the cells of the body react to these frequencies as discussed earlier indicates that they are harmful. When the stress response occurs from exposure to electromagnetic frequencies the body responds by releasing stress proteins, also known as heat shock proteins, to minimize the ensuing damage. The release of heat shock proteins is just one stress response mechanism that has been identified. Other mechanisms include the triggering of adrenal hormones like adrenaline. Continual stress is not healthy as it can eventually fatigue the adrenal gland, suppress the immune system, and lead to fatigue causing difficulty in concentration. Sleep disturbances may also occur.

Immune System Affected Evidence also exists that radio frequencies produced by such devices as cell phones, Wi-Fi, computers, televisions, etc. can trigger skin reactions.5 Microwave frequencies can trigger the release of chemicals from mast cells. Mast cells in the skin will break open and release chemicals that cause the symptoms of allergic skin reactions. 6 One of the chemicals released by mast cells is histamine. Histamine is often responsible for the symptoms of allergies such as runny nose, watery eyes, inflammation and difficulty breathing. Histamine also constricts the airway leading to or worsening the symptoms of asthma. It is of interest to note that the rate of asthma in children has doubled since 1980 and asthma now affects one in 10 children. The cell phone was introduced in1983 and has seen explosive growth in use in the last decade. Could there be a correlation between the rising rates of asthma, an immune system problem, and the escalating use of cell phones and wireless technology? Certainly, one could anticipate that chronic exposure to these radio waves over time can lead to chronic inflammatory responses.

Electromagnetic Radiation Connected To Autism A recent study has now suggested a direct link between autism and electromagnetic radiation. It appears that EMR may accelerate autistic spectrum disorders. 7 It is noteworthy that the increasing rates of autism parallel the growth of the cell phone and wireless industry. This appears to occur as a result of the trapping of heavy metals within the cell and the inability of the body to excrete the toxic metals present that are often introduced into the body through vaccinations. Heavy metals are neurotoxic. When this excretory process is prohibited these heavy metals, such as mercury, lead, beryllium, and aluminum, damage nerve structures and interfere in inter-cellular communication. This leads to neurological problems and conditions like those found in autism spectrum disorders. This particular study has shown that when electromagnetic radiation is largely eliminated the efficiency of heavy metal detoxification and removal was dramatically increased. In other words, the body was able to excrete and eliminate heavy metals when it had not been able to do so previously. This leads to the suggestion that (1) we need to reduce or eliminate electromagnetic radiation from any child's environment and (2) measures need to be taken to repair the damage that has already been done by electromagnetic radiation. Although this study looked specifically at autism the same case could be made for attention-deficit disorders and related conditions.

Occupational Hazard For Teachers And School Staff Children will attend school in a particular building for a finite number of years and then move on. For a child the length of time spent in a particular building or location is predetermined. Therefore their exposure levels to this form of radiation will probably change. But what about the teachers and staff members who continue to work in the same building for many, many years? For these workers and teachers the exposure in their building from Wi-Fi networks and radio frequency radiation is continual. What are the effects of this exposure after years and years of time? Will teaching in a Wi-Fi enabled school become an occupational hazard like that of an electrician? These are questions that must and should be answered before, rather than after, any installation of radiation-generating equipment is placed in service.

Wi-Fi In European Schools The European Environment Agency is calling for immediate steps to be taken to reduce exposure to Wi-Fi, cell phones and cell phone towers and masts. Recent international scientific reviews have concluded that electromagnetic radiation safety limits are "thousands of times too lenient" and one official British report came to the conclusion that the development of cancer from cell phone use could not be ruled out.

Sir William Stewart, chairman of the Health Protection Agency in the UK, is calling for a formal investigation into the hazards of using wireless networks in schools. He's asking that students be monitored for health problems from the networks. Joining him in health concerns over Wi-Fi installations in schools, the Professional Association of Teachers are calling for the Secretary of State for Education in the UK to begin an official inquiry into the issue.

Recently, parents of children at an English school have won a major battle in getting a mast tower removed from their school. Parents indicated that both students and staff complained of symptoms such as insomnia, headaches and numbness. It seems 56 percent of children had trouble sleeping, 54 percent developed headaches and migraines, and 46 percent reported dizziness and numbness. 86 percent of staff members had problems sleeping, 59 percent reported headaches, and 95 percent of staff reported fatigue and numbness. Nosebleeds, nausea, and dizziness were also reported. 8

Dr. Gerd Oberfield, head of environmental health and medicine in the province of Salzburg, Austria, calls the installation of Wi-Fi "dangerous." In fact, the government in Salzburg has been advising schools not to install Wi-Fi for well over a year now and is considering a complete ban on Wi-Fi networks.

Stowe School in Great Britain recently removed its Wi-Fi equipment from its building. One of its schoolmasters who had taught there for 28 years developed headaches and nausea immediately after Wi-Fi was installed.

International Association of Fire Fighters In 2004, the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) voiced its opinion on cell phone towers and antennas by opposing the installation of cell phone antennas on or near fire stations until a credible study can be done to establish their safety. In studying the available science the IAFF found over 49 references that led them to conclude that they should oppose the placement of cell phone antennas on fire stations. Some of the effects that have been documented by fire fighters include slowed reaction times, sleep deprivation, severe headaches, lack of focus, tremors, and vertigo. 9

What About Wi-Max The latest development in the world of digital communication is something called Wi-Max. Wi-Max is intended for use as a network for large metropolitan areas. Where Wi-Fi is limited to a range of about 100-300 feet, Wi-Max can provide broadband wireless access up to 30 miles from fixed base stations and 3-10 miles from mobile base stations. It's been described as Wi-Fi on steroids. It's used in much the same way as Wi-Fi and will soon become the standard for Internet access. Imagine the implications. Whole metropolitan cities blanketed with Wi-Max wireless coverage. How convenient and "connected" do we really need to be?

Conclusion We currently have no studies that are specific to Wi-Fi. However, when assessing the safety issue we can and should look at technologies that are similar and relevant to Wi-Fi to draw our conclusions. This would seem appropriate since Wi-Fi operates in the same manner as other more heavily studies similar technology and the basic mechanism of harm from all wireless technology is the same.

There are countless reports and studies raising caution signals about the effects on human health from exposure to cell phone radiation, cell phone towers, Wi-Fi, and wireless technology in general. The fact remains that wireless technology is a potential carcinogen. So was tobacco. So was asbestos. So were X-Rays. Like these other hazards, which were all at one time only "potential carcinogens," wireless technology needs further study before we decide to randomly subject ourselves and our children to the potential harmful effects it seems to cause. How long will we wait for these studies? Another 20 years or more? How many lives will be adversely affected or lost while we take the wait-and-see approach?

What can you do? Don't let your children use a cell phone. Don't live near a cell phone tower. Don't use wireless Internet connections or cordless phones in your home. Provide good nutrition to your children in the form of lots of fruits and vegetables. Everyone needs lots of antioxidants to protect themselves from the free radicals being produced by these high levels of radiation. Good quality water is a must, too.

Get involved in your child's school. Get on the school board. Ask questions regarding the use of Wi-Fi in the school. Object to the installation of such equipment if and when the possibility is discussed.

School districts today are under ever-increasing financial pressures. Healthy lease money is being provided by the wireless industry to install cell phone antennas on school buildings. Once again, this is an unneeded and unnecessary exposure risk for our young people. Does the extra income provided by the wireless industry outweigh the potential risk to our children? The studies say no and we as parents and responsible citizens need to convey that message to our school boards and legislators.

Two-time Nobel Prize nominee, Dr. Gerald Hyland, a physicist, had this to say about cell phone towers. "Existing safety guidelines for cell phone towers are completely inadequate. Quite justifiably, the public remains skeptical of attempts by government and industry to reassure them that all is well, particularly given the unethical way in which they often operate symbiotically so as to promote their own vested interests."